The summon of the accomplice

                         

                                            The summon of the accomplice

(Niman dembi wada galay nin ka mid ah in uu dembigii qirto)

Ninkaas qirtay qirashadiisa nimankaas kale looma ciqaabi karo ee cadeyn dheeri ah ayaa loon baahanyahay. ninka dembiga lagalay cadeyntiisa waa nooc kale oo cadeyn ah oo uu dhaafaayo eedaysanahu, laakiin xeerka habka ciqaabta ee Soomaaliya wuxuu ka hadlayaa farqiga u dhaxeeyo admission iyo confession, maka hadlaayo ninka eedaysanahaa waxyaalaha uu ku kacay laakiin wuxuu ku koobaa inuu ka hadlo isticmaalka iyo cadeymaha ku filan art. 146 ppc.

Markii larabo mid ka mid ah eedaysanayaasha in uu qiraal ku eedeeyo dhinacii kale waxay u baahantahy;

1.      in eedaysanayaal badan ay hal dambi iskula eedaysanyihiin.

2.      mid iyaga ka mid ah uu qirtay in uu demiga galay kadibna uu ku eedeeyey ninkii kale ee dembiga lagalay.

markaa si taxadar leh u aqriso qodobka 146 ppc, waxaan isku dayi karnaa inaan siino qeexitaan dambi falaha in lala galay dembiga, waxaan ugu yeeraynaa ninkii cadeynta bixinayey ee sheegaayo inuu dembiga galay, in eedeysanayaal kale oo dambi isaga lagaleen waxay isaga xusanthay (declaration of science) hadii kale waa eedayn fudud sharuucda qaarkood, laakiin system-keena waxaa jira mabda’ guud art. 199/1 “kuwa ka qayb qaata dambi way isku marqaati furi karaan cadeyn ahaan inta dacwadu socoto”.  wuxuuna oranayaa hadii loo baahdo in eedaysanayaashu isku marqaati furaan waa la isticmaali karaa.  

 

Principle of free and fair conviction

Mabda’a  iqtiyaari oo madax bananida 

Dacwooyinkeena ciqaabta sida dacwooyin casriga ah (modern) ee ciqaabta oo kale waxaa hogaaminaayo mabda’a madaxbani iyo cadaalada inuu  go’aanka ku gaaro garsooruhu.

Systemka cadaalada ee Somalia mabda’aan wuxuu kala soo dhexbaxayaa art. 202 ppc, kaasoo oranaayo “ garsoruhu wuxuu awoodaa inuu si madaxbanaan u qiimeeyo cadeymihii loosoo gudbiyey”. Mabaadi’da madaxbananida (principle of free) garsooruhu wuxuu kala soo bixi karaa qancidiisa cadeynkasta oo la horkeenay wuu ku qancayaa, haka timaado eedaysanaha ama dacweysanaha.

Laakiin qancin madaxbanana micnaheedu maahan intaan ka aheyn garsooruhu inuu qanco si madaxbanaan personal understanding uu ku gaaraayo qiimaynta iyo tixgelin cadeymihii la horkeenay ah.

 

Formation of the conviction process

Sameynta qancida ugu haboon ee dacwada, garsooruhu  wuxuu soo qaadanayaa kaliya cadeymaha (element of prove) si uu go’aan oga gaaro dacwadda.

Sidaas daraadeed garsooruhu  uma isticmaali karo saldhig ka mid ah qancidda “wax aan laga doodin, la isdhaafsan ama aan lasoo cadeyn” Mamnuucidaan  lagama helaayo xeerna laakiin waa iska nidaam sharci ah.

 

Facts notorious

(Waxaa jiro arimo caan ah kuwaas oo aan u baahneyn cadeyn)

 Waxaa lagu qeexaa sharci ahaan “dhacdo loo sheegay xaalad gaar ah iyo xadeyn” kaas oo raacsan dhaqanka caadigaa ee mujtamaca dhexdiisa la isticmaalo, sidaas daraaded notorious waxaa ah arinta la yaqaan dadka inta badan ama qayb ka mid ah u yaqaanaan.

Xeerka habka ciqaabta Soomaaliya way ka maqantahay xeer ogolaanaya garsooruhu inuu isticmaalo notorious facts, ilaa laga cadeeyey in garsooruhu uusan isticmaali Karin aqoontiisa gaarka ah. Sida (calander ka ayaan ogaa, qoraxdu markay madoobaatay anaa ogaa oo kale) 

Art, 166 ppc ayaa wuxuu leeyahay “looma baahna in la cadeeyo dhacdooyinka (facts) ay maxkamadu si toos ah u arkayso” iyo in lacadeeyo dhacdooyinka ku xusan art. 167ppc  arintan waxa laga qaadan karaa garsooraha madaama ay shaqadiisa tahay, waa in uu aqoon u leeyahay xeerarka iyo sharuucda lagu shaqeeyo ama loogu shaqeeyey dalka ama qayb ka mid ah dalka. Ha ahaadaan kuwa ku xusan qodobka 167 ppc. Dhacdooyinkaasi uma baahna cadeyn waayo waa wax uu garsooruhu aqoon u leeyahay. See more aricles 168 and 169 ppc. Judicial notice

Recognition

Aqoonsiga waa qayb ka mid ah cadeymaha oo u aqoonsanaayo qof ama shey.

Qodobka 184 ppc waxa uu qexaya in marqaatiga uu toos ahaado

ü  Hadii ay ku saabsantahay dhacdo la arki karo waxay noqoneysaa cadeyn marqaati qof dhahay aniga arkay

ü  Hadii ay ku saabsantahay dhacdo la maqli karo 

ü  Hadii ay ku sabsantahay dhacdo ladareemi karo xalad walba 

ü  Hadi ay ku  saabsantahay ra`yi ama saldhig ra`yi cadeynta wa inay ahaata qofka aragtida hesto

Confrontation

Is hor keenida waxa lagu sameyaa laba qof kuwaas oo cadeymahooda ay ka duwan yihiin oo marqaati ah. Is horkeenida waxa lagu dabaqaa eedeysanaha .sababta loo kenay in la saaro cilada cadeymaha waxa loo imtixanaa ama sual loo waydina  si marqatiyaal oo kale.

The testimony

Marqaatiga waa nooc ka mid ah cadeymaha oo ka kooban xerar muhiim u ah oo ku saabsan dooda dacwada socoto waxa cadeyn cilmiyesan loo gudbiyaa garsooraha oo gudbinayo qofka ka duwan dacwada wata. see art 80 ppc.

Cadeymaha marqatiga waxa uu aas aas u yahay dhamaan wajiyadka marqaatiga oo ka kooban xaqiiqo garsoor oo ah ama leh astaan guud.

Marag furka waa qasab maxa yelay waxa uu ka jawaba danguud ,danta oo ah in runta la xaqiijiyo  ayadoo la qadanayo sharciga. 

Qasabka waxa ay keneysa in laga reebo melo qaar uu qanuunka sheygayo

Ø  No one can excuse from giving testimony (Qofna cudur daar uma yeelan karo inuu bixiyo marag)

Ø  The testimony  is competed to appear in the time and in place  of appearance

Ø  He must testfy as what he know (waa in uu ka marqaati kaco wixii uu ogyahay)

Waxa jira aan marag ama marqaati furin karin sida foreign diplomatic.

Dadka qaar waa in guryahoodu loogu tagaa sababo jiro awgood 186ppc ,Waxa ay quseysaa dadka qaar oo qaranka u shaqo u hayo oo kale sida madaxwaynaha ama jiro sababo caafimaad. Dadka ayagoo wajib ku ah lakiin ma ansaxeeyso sida hadii uu ka dhaxeeyo arimo guur ama shaqo xafiis ( 173-177 ppc)

N:B Habka dacwada waxa uu ogalyahay in eedeysanaha  marka qaar loo dhageesan karo sida marqatiga oo kale 185 ppc. Majiro qodob ku qasbayo lakiin hadii uu soo diyariyo waxa ay noqoeysaa I laraaco dhamaan qodobada marag furka.