SEARCH AND QUESTIONING

                                                     SEARCH AND QUESTIONING 

                                                        The police power of search 

                                                         I.       The role of warrants

Awooda barista ee police-ka waxaa laga helaa cutunka sedexaad ee xeerka ciqaabta art. 55-57-58/2 ppc, waxayna aqbalaad ka helayaan garasoorayaasha maxkamadaha hadii loo ictiqaado hadii ay jirto arin macquul ah oo ah in dambi uu dhacay ama ay jirto cadeyn, ama markii shaygii lagu galay dambiga uu ku qarsoonyahay guriga markaas sarkaalka police-ka ah waxa uu heli karaa warqad fasax baaritaan (search warrant) ee ay siinayso maxkamda awooda u leh. Warqadaas fasaxa waa in lafuliyaa maalin 6am-6pm hadaan si kale garsoorku usoo fasixin.

Xasuusnoow xarigaiyo warqada soo qabashada kuma xirna natiijada kasoo bixi karto barista, ee hadii laga shakiyo waa labaraari karaa ama halaga waayo ama halaga helo. 

 

Search and questioning – police power

Labo ayaa loo kala qaadayaa power of search (Warrant and without warrant)

Search with warrant 

Awooda police ka guud ahaan waxaa laga helaa chapter iii ee criminal code  Art. 55(2) ppc, waxa uu leeyahay hadii ay jirto asbaab macquul ah (reasonable belief) oo ah inuu dembi dhacay ama loo hayo cadayn ama in qalabkii dembiga lagu galay laga helo gurigiisa (premises), sarkaal police ah waxa uu heli karaa warqadii wax lagu baaraayey (search warrant) isagoo ka helaayo garsooraha maxkamada awooda u leh (competent judge). Warrant kaas waa in lafuliyaa maalin (6:00am-6:00pm) hadii kale waa inuu fasax gaar ah haystaa (specially authorized) maahan inuu guryaha iska galo hameyn.

Sharci ahaanta xirista iyo barista kuma xirna natiijada kasoo baxdo awooda uu isticmaalay (exercise of power) [tusaale, hadii uu police guriga galay oo uu wax kasoo waayey maahan inuu dembi galay oo meeshii uu ka shakiyo waa uu baari karaa hadii uu ka helo waa uu soo qaban hadii uu ka waayana waa uu ka soo tagi].

 

Search without warrant

(Baaris bilaa warqad maxkamadeed)

Police waxaa awood loo siiyey inay baaritaan sameeyaan warqad soo qabasho la’aanteed xaalado kala duwan. Fikrada saliimka ah waxa ay leedahay waa in awoodaas ay leeyihiin waayo dambiilayaashu waxay fursad u helayaan inay cadeymo muhiim ah ay baabi’iyaan (valuable evidence), kuwaas oo laga dheehan karo qodohada kala ah 52-53-54-55 ppc.

Police waxay shirciga waafaqsan ay baari karaa qof iyo gaarigiisa hadii qofkaas lagu haysto dembi la xiriiro hanti, waxkasta oo hanti ah oo lagu helo waa in la horkeeno garsooraha [tusaale raadiyahaan ayuu xaday waana kan ama qorigaan ayuu wax ku dilaye waa kanaa] si wax looga qabto si sharciga waafaqsan mahayo.

Hadii qofka laxiro waxaa sharci ah in uu baaro sarkaal ku jinsi ah nin waxaa baari karo nin, dumarkana sarkaal dumar ah. 

Hadii loo baahdo (medical examination) baaris caafimaad oo ladoonayo in jirkiisa laga qaado dheecaan ama nude hadii cadeyn ahaan loogu baahdo [tusaale in loo baahdo cadeyn ahaan in labaaro tin meel laga helay inuu eedaysanuhu leeyahay iyo in kale ama dheecaan iwm].

Police nin ah waxaa loo ogolaan karaa inuu baaro dumar marka ay jirto xaalad qalafsan (extreme circumstance) oo naag kale oo baarta lawaayo. 

Hadii loo baahdo in la baaro dumar ama dhamaan kiisaska kale ee uu sharcigu baneeney in labaaro hadii uu diido waa shardci darro police waxa uu isticmaali karaa xoog (force) kasta oo ku filan in lasocodsiiyo barista. Case study (see art. 57 ppc).

 

Problem of ignorance

(Ogaal la’aanta sharciga)

(Art 5 pc) Somali penal code ayaa ka hadlaayo ogaal la’aanta sharciga in aysan aheyn wax cududaar ah.

Qofka kama baxsan karo masuuliyada ciqaabta isagoo sheeganaya in uusan ogeyn in ficilkaasi yahay mid sharciga ka hor imaanaayo, qodobkan wuxu sheegayaa hadii aqoonta sharciga ay tahay cunsur ka mid ah dembiga, aqoon la’aanta sharciguna waxay noqon lahayd asbaab cududaar laakiin arintaani maahan mid uu qof ku doodo inta badan oo cidna lagama yeelo.

Way fududahay in loo arko Art. 5 inuu muhiim u yahay maamulida garsoorida fal dambiyeed, qodobkaan la’aantiisna dambiilayaashu waxay si fudud ugu cududaaran lahaayeen ogaal la’aanta sharciga si ay oga fakadaan ciqaabta.

The relationship between Penal jurisdiction and other forms of jurisdiction

(ka dhaxeeyo dacwo ciqaab ah iyo dacwadaha kale sida madani iyo maamul)

Markii ay dacwo ciqaab ah ay bilaabato waxaa dhici karo arimo kala duwan oo ah isdhexgal u dhaxeeyo dacwo socotay iyo dacwo kale ha ahaato penal ama civil ama maamul, arintaa waxay dhibaato ka dhex dhalin kartaa xiriirka ka dhexeeyey dacwadii ciqaabta (penal jurisdiction) iyo dacwooyinka kale (other forms of jurisdiction)

Si gaar ah, isdhexgalkaas waxaa loo kala saaraa sedex qeybood oo waaweyn;

1.      Xiriirka ka dhaxeeyo dacwo ciqaab ah (penal jurisdiction) iyo mid madani ah (civil jurisdiction).

2.      Dhibaato ah mid in la hormariyo (problem of prejudice)

3.      In dacwo madani ah in penal la dhex galiyo (insertion).

Halkaan waxaan kaga hadli doonaa  labada hore.